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Computer Sub Systems

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선생님을 위해: Computer Sub Systems(Computer Science, CIE)을(를) 위한 바로 쓸 수 있는 수업 슬라이드, 복습 노트 — 수업에 사용하거나, 학생들이 실시간 게임으로 즐기는 인터랙티브 클래스 활동으로 진행하세요.

수업 노트

What is a Sub-System?

  • A sub-system is a smaller part of a computer system that works together with other sub-systems to create a fully functional system.
  • Example: a car's sub-systems include the engine, brakes, and wheels; each can be broken down further (e.g., engine → spark plugs, sensors, pistons).
  • In computers, the five main sub-systems are: CPU, memory, storage, input devices, and output devices.
  • CPU sub-systems include the control unit, registers, and arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
  • Sub-systems help troubleshoot problems by isolating each part for separate examination.
  • They give developers a clear picture of how complex systems are built.

The Five Main Computer Sub-Systems

  • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – executes instructions.
  • Memory – stores data and instructions temporarily for the CPU (e.g., RAM).
  • Storage – stores data and software permanently (e.g., HDD, SSD).
  • Input devices – allow a user to enter information (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
  • Output devices – display information or create physical output (e.g., monitor, printer).

Problem Decomposition

  • Decomposition is the process of breaking down a large problem into a set of smaller problems.
  • Smaller problems are easier to solve and can be solved independently.
  • Each smaller problem can be tested independently and then combined to produce the full solution.
  • Example: creating a computer game can be decomposed into levels, characters, and landscape – each handled by separate teams.
  • Decomposition requires thinking about four component parts: inputs, processes, outputs, and storage.

Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and Storage (IPOS)

  • Inputs – data entered into the system (e.g., width and height of a rectangle).
  • Processes – subroutines and algorithms that turn inputs and stored data into outputs (e.g., width × height).
  • Outputs – data produced by the system (e.g., calculated area displayed on screen).
  • Storage – data stored on a physical device or in memory while the program runs (e.g., width, height, area stored temporarily in RAM).

Benefits of Decomposition

  • Smaller problems are easier to solve than one large problem.
  • Each smaller problem can be solved independently of the others.
  • Smaller problems can be tested independently.
  • Smaller problems can be combined to produce a solution to the full problem.

슬라이드

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연습 문제

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  1. 1.What is a sub-system in a computer system?

    Easy
    • AA smaller part of a computer system that works together with other sub-systems to create a fully functional computer system
    • BA program that manages hardware resources
    • CA type of storage device
    • DA network of computers

  2. 2.Which of the following is NOT one of the five main sub-systems of a computer?

    Easy
    • ACentral Processing Unit (CPU)
    • BMemory
    • COperating system
    • DInput devices

  3. 3.Which sub-system is responsible for executing instructions?

    Easy
    • AMemory
    • BStorage
    • CCentral Processing Unit (CPU)
    • DOutput devices

  4. 4.What is the main function of the memory sub-system?

    Easy
    • ATo store data and software permanently
    • BTo execute instructions
    • CTo store data and instructions temporarily for the CPU
    • DTo allow a user to enter information

  5. 5.Which of the following is an example of how computer sub-systems can be further broken down?

    Medium
    • ACPU - control unit, registers & arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
    • BMemory - ROM and RAM
    • CStorage - HDD and SSD
    • DInput devices - keyboard and mouse

  6. 6.What is an advantage of using sub-systems in a computer system?

    Medium
    • AThey make the system more complex and harder to understand
    • BThey allow developers to isolate and troubleshoot problems more easily
    • CThey increase the cost of the system
    • DThey reduce the need for software

  7. 7.What is decomposition in problem solving?

    Easy
    • ABreaking down a large problem into a set of smaller problems
    • BCombining multiple problems into one large problem
    • CIgnoring the details of a problem
    • DSolving a problem without any planning

  8. 8.Which of the following is a benefit of decomposition?

    Easy
    • ASmaller problems are harder to solve
    • BEach smaller problem can be solved independently of the others
    • CSmaller problems cannot be tested independently
    • DSmaller problems cannot be combined to produce a solution

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