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1.Which of the following is a pure substance?
Easy2.A mixture can be separated into its components by physical means.
EasyTrue or false?
3.Which separation technique would be best to separate sand from water?
Medium4.A student uses paper chromatography to separate the dyes in a black ink. The solvent front moves 8.0 cm and a blue dye moves 4.0 cm. What is the Rf value of the blue dye?
Hard5.Arrange the following steps in order to separate a mixture of salt and sand: (a) add water, (b) filter, (c) evaporate filtrate.
Medium6.Which of the following are physical separation techniques? (Select all that apply)
Medium7.Match each separation technique to its principle.
Easy8.A student has a mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder. Which property allows them to be separated using a magnet?
Medium9.Which property is used to separate a mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder using a magnet?
Easy10.Which of the following are separation techniques that rely on differences in boiling points? (Select all that apply)
Medium11.A pure substance consists of only one type of particle.
EasyTrue or false?
12.Match each separation technique to the property it exploits.
Medium13.Place the following steps in the correct order to separate a mixture of sand, salt, and water by filtration and evaporation.
Medium14.Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
Easy15.A mixture of ethanol (boiling point 78°C) and water (boiling point 100°C) is heated. Which substance will evaporate first?
Medium16.A student has a mixture of ethanol (boiling point 78°C) and butanol (boiling point 117°C). Which separation technique is most suitable to separate them?
Medium17.Which of the following are examples of physical separation techniques? (Select all that apply)
Medium18.A mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder can be separated by adding water and then filtering.
EasyTrue or false?
19.Place the following steps in the correct order to separate a mixture of salt, sand, and water by filtration and evaporation.
Medium20.In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is:
Medium21.A student performs a chromatography experiment with two dyes: dye X and dye Y. Dye X travels 4.2 cm and dye Y travels 6.8 cm. The solvent front travels 10.0 cm. Which statement is correct?
Hard22.Which of the following separation techniques rely on differences in boiling points? (Select all that apply)
Medium23.Filtration can be used to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid.
EasyTrue or false?
24.Which of the following are examples of pure substances? (Select all that apply)
Easy25.Place the following steps in the correct order to separate a mixture of salt and sand: (a) evaporate the filtrate, (b) filter the mixture, (c) add water to dissolve the salt.
Medium26.In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the solvent.
MediumTrue or false?
27.Which separation technique would be best to separate a mixture of ethanol (boiling point 78°C) and water (boiling point 100°C)?
Medium28.A student is given a mixture of sand, salt, and iron filings. Which separation technique should be used first to remove the iron filings?
Medium29.Two liquids, A (boiling point 80°C) and B (boiling point 120°C), are mixed. Which separation technique is most suitable to obtain pure A?
Medium30.In a chromatography experiment, a mixture of dyes is separated. The solvent front travels 10.0 cm. Dye X travels 4.0 cm, and dye Y travels 7.0 cm. Which dye has a higher affinity for the stationary phase?
Hard31.A student has a mixture of salt and sand. She adds water, stirs, then filters the mixture. Which substance remains on the filter paper?
Medium32.A student performs paper chromatography on a mixture of three dyes. The solvent front travels 10.0 cm. Dye A travels 2.0 cm, dye B travels 5.0 cm, and dye C travels 8.0 cm. Which dye has the highest affinity for the stationary phase?
Hard33.A pure substance is made up of only one type of atom or molecule.
EasyTrue or false?
34.Which of the following is a mixture?
Easy35.Filtration can separate a dissolved solid from a liquid.
MediumTrue or false?
36.In the particle model, which state of matter has particles that are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions?
Medium37.Match each separation technique with the property it exploits.
Medium38.Decantation involves carefully pouring off a liquid from a solid or another liquid that has settled.
EasyTrue or false?
39.Place the following steps in the correct order to separate a mixture of sand and salt using water:
Medium40.Chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of dissolved substances based on their different rates of movement through a medium.
MediumTrue or false?
41.Complete the sentence about the particle model.
EasyIn a pure substance, all particles are ____. In a mixture, there are ____ types of particles.
42.Define the term 'solute'.
Medium43.A solution contains 5 g of salt dissolved in 95 g of water. What is the mass of the solution?
Hard44.A student performs paper chromatography on a mixture. The solvent front travels 12.0 cm. A blue spot travels 9.0 cm and a red spot travels 6.0 cm. What is the difference in Rf values between the blue and red spots?
Hard45.What is the name of the substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution?
Easy46.Complete the sentence about particle arrangement.
MediumIn a gas, particles are far apart and move ____.
47.In a chromatography experiment, a dye travels 6.5 cm and the solvent front travels 10.0 cm. Calculate the Rf value of the dye. Give your answer to two decimal places.
Hard48.Complete the sentence using the correct terms.
EasyIn a solution, the substance that dissolves is called the ____ and the substance that does the dissolving is called the ____.
49.What is the name of the process used to separate a solid from a liquid by pouring off the liquid without disturbing the solid?
Medium50.A student dissolves 10 g of salt in 90 g of water. What is the total mass of the solution in grams?
Medium51.In a chromatography experiment, a dye travels 7.2 cm and the solvent front travels 12.0 cm. Calculate the Rf value of the dye. Give your answer to two decimal places.
Hard52.Complete the sentence about separation techniques.
MediumFiltration separates a ____ from a ____. Evaporation separates a ____ from a ____.
53.Explain why distillation is used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water, rather than filtration.
Medium54.Explain why fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into its components rather than simple distillation.
Hard55.A solution contains 5 g of salt dissolved in 95 g of water. What is the mass of the solution?
Hard56.A student performs paper chromatography on a mixture. The solvent front travels 12.0 cm. A blue spot travels 9.0 cm and a red spot travels 6.0 cm. What is the difference in Rf values between the blue and red spots?
Hard57.In a chromatography experiment, a dye travels 6.5 cm and the solvent front travels 10.0 cm. Calculate the Rf value of the dye. Give your answer to two decimal places.
Hard58.A student dissolves 10 g of salt in 90 g of water. What is the total mass of the solution in grams?
Medium59.In a chromatography experiment, a dye travels 7.2 cm and the solvent front travels 12.0 cm. Calculate the Rf value of the dye. Give your answer to two decimal places.
HardWhat is a pure substance?
A pure substance consists of only one type of particle (atom or molecule) and has fixed properties. Examples include elements like gold and compounds like water.
What is a mixture?
A mixture contains two or more different types of particles that are not chemically combined. Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.
How does the particle model distinguish pure substances from mixtures?
In a pure substance, all particles are identical. In a mixture, there are at least two different kinds of particles mixed together.
What is a solvent?
A solvent is the substance that dissolves another substance (the solute) to form a solution. Usually the solvent is present in greater amount.
What is a solute?
A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
What is filtration?
Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter (e.g., filter paper). The solid remains on the filter, and the liquid passes through.
What is decantation?
Decantation separates a liquid from a solid (or another liquid) by carefully pouring off the liquid, leaving the denser solid or liquid behind.
What is evaporation?
Evaporation separates a dissolved solid from a liquid by heating the solution so the liquid turns into vapour, leaving the solid behind.
What is crystallisation?
Crystallisation forms solid crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent slowly, allowing the solute to form orderly crystal structures.
What is chromatography?
Chromatography separates mixtures of dissolved substances based on their different interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase. Different substances travel at different speeds.
What is distillation?
Distillation separates liquids with different boiling points. The mixture is heated, the liquid with the lower boiling point vaporises, then condenses and is collected separately.
What property does distillation exploit?
Distillation exploits differences in boiling points of the components in a liquid mixture.
What property does filtration exploit?
Filtration exploits differences in particle size: the solid particles are too large to pass through the filter pores, while the liquid can pass through.
What property does chromatography exploit?
Chromatography exploits differences in how substances interact with the stationary phase (e.g., paper) and their solubility in the mobile phase (e.g., solvent).
What is the difference between analytical and preparative separation?
Analytical separation identifies the components and their amounts without collecting them; preparative separation collects the separated fractions for further use.
Give an example of a complete separation process.
Electrolysis refining of bauxite to produce pure aluminium metal is an example of complete separation.
Give an example of an incomplete separation process.
Oil refining separates crude oil into mixtures like gasoline and diesel, which are not pure substances.
What is centrifugation?
Centrifugation separates components based on density differences by spinning the mixture at high speed; denser particles move outward.
What is sieving?
Sieving separates solid particles of different sizes by passing them through a mesh or sieve; smaller particles pass through, larger ones are retained.
What is magnetic separation?
Magnetic separation uses a magnet to separate magnetic materials (e.g., iron) from non-magnetic ones in a mixture.
What property does decantation rely on?
Decantation relies on differences in density or the fact that a solid settles at the bottom, allowing the liquid to be poured off.
What is the purpose of separation processes in industry?
Separation processes purify raw materials, isolate valuable products, and remove impurities for manufacturing and other industrial uses.
Name a separation technique that uses a separating agent based on energy.
Distillation uses heat (energy) to separate liquids by boiling point differences.
Name a separation technique that uses a mass separating agent.
Precipitation uses an added chemical (mass separating agent) to cause a solid to form from a solution.
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