Electric field lines

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Lesson notes

Electrostatic Forces

**Electrostatic forces** are **non-contact** forces.
A **contact force** requires objects to be physically touching.
A **non-contact force** acts between objects that are not touching.
Non-contact forces are caused by a **field**.

Electric Fields

A **charged object** creates an **electric field**.
Electric field lines **point away** from a **positive charge**.
Electric field lines **point towards** a **negative charge**.
The direction of field lines shows the force on a **positive test charge**.
For a negative charge, the force is opposite to the field line direction.

Field Line Patterns

**Like charges repel**; **opposite charges attract**.
Between opposite charges, field lines go from positive to negative.
Between like charges (e.g., two negatives), field lines curve away from each other.
For two positive charges, arrows point away from both (same pattern as negative but reversed).

Field Strength

**Closer** field lines indicate a **stronger** electric field.
**Further** from a charge, field lines are **more spread out** – field is **weaker**.

Electric field lines around a positive charge (red) and a negative charge (blue). Lines point away from positive and towards negative.

Electric field lines between a positive and a negative charge. Lines go from positive to negative.

Electric field lines between two negative charges. Lines curve away from each other, showing repulsion.

Slides

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Practice questions

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1.What is the direction of electric field lines around a positive charge?
Easy
- AAway from the charge
- BTowards the charge
- CCircular around the charge
- DParallel to the charge
2.Are electrostatic forces contact or non-contact forces?
Easy
- ANon-contact
- BContact
- CBoth contact and non-contact
- DNeither
3.What is the difference between a contact force and a non-contact force?
Easy
- AContact forces act when objects touch; non-contact forces act at a distance
- BContact forces act at a distance; non-contact forces act when touching
- CContact forces are always repulsive; non-contact forces are always attractive
- DContact forces are caused by fields; non-contact forces are not
4.Do like charges repel or attract?
Easy
- ARepel
- BAttract
- CNeither repel nor attract
- DSometimes repel, sometimes attract
5.What do electric field lines represent?
Easy
- AThe direction of force on a positive test charge
- BThe path of an electron
- CThe strength of the magnetic field
- DThe direction of current
6.How does the strength of an electric field change as you move further away from a charge?
Medium
- AIt becomes weaker
- BIt becomes stronger
- CIt stays the same
- DIt becomes zero immediately
7.What pattern do electric field lines show between two opposite charges (positive and negative) near each other?
Medium
- ALines from positive to negative
- BLines from negative to positive
- CLines that circle each charge
- DLines that repel away from both
8.What pattern do electric field lines show between two like charges (both negative) near each other?
Medium
- ALines that curve away from each other
- BLines that go from one to the other
- CLines that point inward toward both
- DLines that are parallel and straight

More questions

9.A student sketches electric field lines for a negative charge. Which direction should the arrows point?
Hard
- ATowards the charge
- BAway from the charge
- CClockwise around the charge
- DAnticlockwise around the charge
10.If the electric field lines are close together near a charge, what does this indicate?
Hard
- AThe field is strong
- BThe field is weak
- CThe charge is negative
- DThe charge is positive
11.A positive test charge is placed near a negative charge. In which direction does the force on the test charge act?
Hard
- ATowards the negative charge
- BAway from the negative charge
- CPerpendicular to the field lines
- DNo force acts
12.Which of the following statements about electric field lines is correct?
Hard
- AThey point away from positive charges and towards negative charges
- BThey point towards positive charges and away from negative charges
- CThey always point in the same direction regardless of charge
- DThey only exist around negative charges
13.A student places a small positive test charge near a charged object and observes that the test charge moves away from the object. What can be concluded about the charge on the object?
Medium
- AIt is positive.
- BIt is negative.
- CIt is neutral.
- DIt could be either positive or negative.
14.The diagram shows electric field lines between two charges. Which statement is correct?
Medium
- AThe charges are both positive.
- BThe charges are both negative.
- CThe charges are opposite (one positive, one negative).
- DThe charges are neutral.
15.A charged sphere creates an electric field. At a distance of 2 cm from the centre of the sphere, the field lines are 4 mm apart. At a distance of 4 cm, the field lines are 8 mm apart. What does this indicate about the field strength?
Hard
- AThe field strength is constant.
- BThe field strength decreases with distance.
- CThe field strength increases with distance.
- DThe field strength is zero at 4 cm.
16.In an experiment, a student uses a charged rod to attract small pieces of paper. Which force is responsible for this attraction?
Medium
- AGravitational force
- BElectrostatic force
- CMagnetic force
- DFrictional force
17.Which of the following is a non-contact force?
Easy
- AFriction
- BTension
- CElectrostatic force
- DAir resistance
18.The electric field lines around a negative charge are shown. A student states that the arrows should point away from the charge. Is this correct?
Hard
- AYes, because field lines always point away from charges.
- BNo, field lines point towards a negative charge.
- CYes, because negative charges repel positive test charges.
- DNo, field lines point in the direction a negative test charge would move.
19.Two charged spheres are placed 10 cm apart. The force between them is measured as 0.5 N. If the distance is increased to 20 cm, what happens to the electrostatic force?
Medium
- AIt becomes 0.25 N
- BIt becomes 0.125 N
- CIt becomes 0.5 N
- DIt becomes 2.0 N
20.What is the direction of the electric field lines around a positive charge?
Easy
- ATowards the charge
- BAway from the charge
- CCircular around the charge
- DRandom
21.A student sketches the electric field lines between two charges as shown. Which pair of charges could produce this pattern?
Medium
- ABoth positive
- BBoth negative
- CPositive left, negative right
- DNegative left, positive right
22.In a lab, a student uses a gold leaf electroscope to detect charge. The leaves diverge when a charged rod is brought near. Which of the following best explains this?
Hard
- AThe rod transfers charge to the electroscope by contact.
- BThe electric field from the rod induces a charge separation in the electroscope.
- CThe rod attracts the leaves due to gravity.
- DThe rod heats the air causing the leaves to move.
23.Which of the following is true about electrostatic forces?
Easy
- AThey are contact forces.
- BThey only act between positive charges.
- CThey are non-contact forces caused by an electric field.
- DThey are always attractive.
24.Two identical metal spheres are charged: one positive, one negative. They are brought close together without touching. Which diagram best represents the electric field lines between them?
Medium
- ALines curving from positive to negative, closer together near the spheres.
- BLines going straight from positive to negative, equally spaced.
- CLines going from negative to positive.
- DLines radiating outward from both spheres.
25.A student uses a charged plastic rod to attract small pieces of paper. The paper pieces are initially neutral. Which of the following best explains why the paper is attracted to the rod?
Medium
- AThe electric field from the rod induces opposite charges on the paper, causing attraction.
- BThe paper is positively charged and attracted to the negative rod.
- CThe rod creates a magnetic field that attracts the paper.
- DThe paper becomes charged by conduction when touched by the rod.
26.In an experiment, a student brings a negatively charged rod near the top of a gold leaf electroscope without touching it. The gold leaves diverge. If the rod is then removed, the leaves return to their original position. Which of the following correctly explains this observation?
Hard
- AThe electroscope was initially neutral; the rod induced a separation of charge, and when removed, the charges recombined.
- BThe electroscope was positively charged; the rod neutralised it temporarily.
- CThe rod transferred electrons to the electroscope by contact, but they leaked away when the rod was removed.
- DThe rod created a magnetic field that deflected the leaves.
27.Which of the following is a correct method to detect whether an object is charged?
Easy
- ABring it near a stream of water and observe if the stream bends.
- BTouch it to a metal surface and see if it gets hot.
- CWeigh it on a balance and see if the mass changes.
- DPlace it in a magnetic field and see if it moves.
28.A student sets up an experiment with two charged spheres suspended from strings. The spheres repel each other. Which of the following could be true about the charges on the spheres?
Medium
- ABoth spheres have the same type of charge.
- BOne sphere is positive and the other is negative.
- CBoth spheres are neutral.
- DOne sphere is charged and the other is neutral.
29.In a laboratory, a student uses a Van de Graaff generator to charge a metal dome. The student then brings a small polystyrene ball coated with conducting paint, suspended by an insulating thread, near the dome. The ball is initially neutral. Which of the following best describes the motion of the ball?
Hard
- AThe ball is first attracted to the dome, touches it, then is repelled away.
- BThe ball is repelled from the dome immediately.
- CThe ball is attracted to the dome and sticks to it permanently.
- DThe ball does not move because it is neutral.
30.A student draws the electric field lines around a negative charge. Which of the following is the correct direction for the arrows on the field lines?
Medium
- ATowards the negative charge
- BAway from the negative charge
- CIn circles around the charge
- DRandomly in all directions
31.Two point charges are placed 10 cm apart. The force between them is 0.5 N. If the distance is increased to 20 cm, what is the new force?
Hard
- A0.125 N
- B0.25 N
- C1.0 N
- D0.0625 N
32.The diagram shows electric field lines between two charges. Which of the following pairs of charges could produce this pattern? (Diagram: field lines curving from a positive charge to a negative charge)
Medium
- APositive and negative
- BPositive and positive
- CNegative and negative
- DPositive and neutral
33.What does the spacing of electric field lines indicate?
Easy
- AThe strength of the electric field
- BThe direction of the electric field
- CThe type of charge
- DThe distance between charges
34.A student investigates electrostatic forces using two balloons. The student rubs each balloon with a woollen cloth, then brings them close together. The balloons repel each other. Which of the following would increase the repulsive force?
Hard
- ARubbing the balloons for a longer time to increase the charge
- BBringing the balloons closer together
- CBoth A and B
- DUsing a different cloth made of silk
35.A student sketches the electric field lines for two like charges (both positive) near each other. Which of the following best describes the pattern?
Medium
- AField lines curve away from each other, with no lines connecting the charges.
- BField lines go from one positive charge to the other positive charge.
- CField lines point towards both charges from outside.
- DField lines are straight lines connecting the two charges.
36.What is the direction of electric field lines around a negative charge?
Easy
- ATowards the negative charge
- BAway from the negative charge
- CIn circles around the charge
- DParallel to the charge
37.A student sketches electric field lines for a positive charge. Which direction should the arrows point?
Medium
- AAway from the charge
- BTowards the charge
- CIn circles around the charge
- DRandom directions
38.The diagram shows electric field lines between two charges. Which pair of charges could produce this pattern? (Diagram: field lines curving from one charge to the other, arrows pointing from left to right)
Medium
- APositive on left, negative on right
- BNegative on left, positive on right
- CBoth positive
- DBoth negative
39.In an experiment, a student brings a negatively charged rod near a metal sphere without touching it. The sphere is initially neutral. Which of the following best describes what happens?
Hard
- AThe sphere becomes negatively charged by induction
- BThe sphere becomes positively charged by induction
- CThe sphere remains neutral but electrons are repelled to the far side
- DThe sphere becomes positively charged by contact
40.A student uses a gold leaf electroscope to detect charge. The leaves diverge when a positively charged rod is brought near the top plate without touching. If the rod is removed, the leaves collapse. What does this demonstrate?
Hard
- AThe electroscope has been permanently charged
- BCharge has been transferred by contact
- CThe electroscope is charged by induction only while the rod is near
- DThe leaves are attracted to the rod

Revision notes

## Electric Field Lines - Revision Notes - **Electrostatic forces are non-contact** forces, acting between objects that are not touching. Non-contact forces are caused by a field. - A charged object creates an **electric field**. - **Electric field lines** show the direction of force on a **positive test charge**. - Lines point **away from positive charges** and **towards negative charges**. - For a positive charge, lines radiate outward; for a negative charge, lines converge inward. - **Strength** of the field: The closer the field lines, the stronger the field. Further from a charge, lines are more spread out → weaker field. - **Like charges repel**, **opposite charges attract**. - Patterns: - **Opposite charges** (+ and -): lines start at the positive charge and end at the negative charge. - **Like charges** (both + or both -): lines curve away from each other (repulsion). For two positives, lines point away from both; for two negatives, lines point toward both (arrows reversed). ### Key Points - Field lines never cross. - The direction of the field at a point is the direction of force on a positive charge there. - A negative charge experiences force opposite to the field direction.

Electric field: A region around a charged object where a force is exerted on other charged objects.
Electric field lines: Lines that represent the direction of force on a positive test charge; they point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
Non-contact force: A force that acts between objects not physically touching, caused by a field (e.g., electrostatic force).
Contact force: A force that acts when two objects are physically touching each other.
Electrostatic force: A non-contact force between charged objects; like charges repel, opposite charges attract.

Flashcards

What is an electrostatic force?

An electrostatic force is a non-contact force.

What is a contact force?

A contact force acts when two objects are physically touching each other.

What is a non-contact force?

A non-contact force acts between objects that are not touching each other.

What causes non-contact forces?

Non-contact forces are caused by a field.

What does a charged object create?

A charged object creates an electric field.

Which direction do electric field lines point for a positive charge?

Electric field lines point away from a positive charge.

Which direction do electric field lines point for a negative charge?

Electric field lines point towards a negative charge.

What do electric field lines represent?

They represent the direction of force that a nearby positive charge would experience (and opposite for a negative charge).

Why do like charges repel?

Like charges repel because of the electrostatic force.

Do opposite charges attract or repel?

Opposite charges attract.

What does the closeness of electric field lines indicate?

The closer together the field lines, the stronger the electric field.

What happens to the electric field strength as you move away from a charge?

The field becomes weaker; field lines are further apart.

Sketch the electric field lines around a single positive charge.

Lines radiate outward from the charge in all directions, with arrows pointing away.

Sketch the electric field lines around a single negative charge.

Lines radiate inward toward the charge from all directions, with arrows pointing toward the charge.

Sketch the electric field lines between a positive and a negative charge near each other.

Lines start at the positive charge and curve to end at the negative charge, showing attraction.

Sketch the electric field lines between two negative charges near each other.

Lines curve outward from both charges, repelling each other, with arrows pointing away from each charge.

Sketch the electric field lines between two positive charges near each other.

Lines curve outward from both charges, repelling each other, with arrows pointing away from each charge (same pattern as two negatives but arrows opposite).

State whether electrostatic forces are contact or non-contact.

Electrostatic forces are non-contact.

State the difference between a contact force and a non-contact force.

A contact force requires physical touching; a non-contact force acts without touching.

State the direction electric field lines point.

Electric field lines point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.

What does the direction of electric field lines represent for a negative charge?

It represents the opposite direction to the force on a negative charge.

What happens to the strength of the electric field as you go further from a charge?

The strength decreases; field lines become further apart.

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