The muscular system

9.What is a joint?

10.Which muscle is located below the lungs and helps with breathing?

11.To bend the leg, which muscle contracts?

12.Which of the following is an example of involuntary muscle?

13.The diagram shows a simple model of the arm. A weight is held in the hand with the arm bent at 90°. Which statement correctly describes the forces on the bones when the biceps contracts?

14.A student measures the maximum force produced by a muscle as it contracts. The force is 50 N when the muscle is at its resting length. When the muscle is stretched to 110% of its resting length, the force increases to 55 N. If the muscle is stretched to 120% of its resting length, what is the most likely force?

15.Which of the following is a function of the muscular system?

16.The table shows the number of muscles in different body parts. Which body part has the most muscles?

17.A student investigates the effect of temperature on the contraction speed of a frog muscle. The muscle is stimulated electrically and the time to contract is measured. Which graph shows the most likely relationship?

18.In an experiment, a muscle is attached to a lever and a weight. The muscle is stimulated and lifts the weight. The work done is calculated as force × distance. If the muscle exerts a force of 10 N and lifts the weight 0.05 m, what is the work done?

19.The diagram shows a muscle fibre. Which part stores calcium ions that are released during contraction?

20.Which type of muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels?

21.A student measures the oxygen consumption of a muscle at rest and during exercise. At rest, the muscle uses 0.2 mL O₂ per gram per hour. During moderate exercise, it uses 1.5 mL O₂ per gram per hour. If the muscle mass is 200 g, what is the total oxygen consumption during 30 minutes of exercise?

22.The graph shows the force generated by a muscle as it is stimulated at different frequencies. What is the frequency that produces the maximum force?

23.Which structure connects a muscle to a bone and is made of tough, fibrous tissue?

24.A patient has a condition where the diaphragm is partially paralyzed. Which of the following would be a likely symptom?

25.Which of the following statements about muscles is true?

26.When the arm is straightened, which of the following occurs?

27.A student investigates the effect of temperature on the contraction speed of a frog muscle. The muscle is stimulated electrically and the time to contract is measured. Which of the following is a controlled variable in this experiment?

28.In an experiment, a muscle is attached to a lever and a weight. The muscle is stimulated and lifts the weight. The work done is calculated as force × distance. If the weight is 0.5 kg and the lever moves 0.1 m, what is the work done? (Assume g = 10 N/kg)

29.A student measures the oxygen consumption of a muscle at rest and during exercise. At rest, the muscle uses 0.2 mL O₂ per gram per hour. During moderate exercise, it uses 0.8 mL O₂ per gram per hour. What is the percentage increase in oxygen consumption?

30.A student measures the maximum force produced by a muscle as it contracts. The force is 50 N when the muscle is at its resting length. When the muscle is stretched to 110% of its resting length, the maximum force is 40 N. Which of the following conclusions is most likely?

31.What is the primary function of the muscular system?

32.How many muscles make up the muscular system?

33.What are tendons?

34.Which of the following statements is true?

35.When you inhale, what does the diaphragm do?

36.To straighten your arm, which muscles contract and relax?

37.To bend your leg, which muscles contract and relax?

38.The diagram shows a simple model of the arm with a weight in the hand. The biceps and triceps are shown. Which statement correctly describes the forces when the arm is bent at 90° holding a weight?

39.A student investigates the effect of temperature on the contraction speed of a frog muscle. The muscle is stimulated electrically and the time to contract is measured at different temperatures. The results are shown in the table. Temperature (°C): 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Contraction time (ms): 120, 80, 50, 40, 90 What is the optimum temperature for fastest contraction?

40.A student measures the oxygen consumption of a muscle at rest and during exercise. At rest, the muscle uses 0.2 mL O₂ per gram per hour. During moderate exercise, it uses 1.5 mL O₂ per gram per hour. If the muscle has a mass of 100 g, how much more oxygen does it use per hour during exercise compared to rest?

41.The muscular system is made up of over 600 muscles.

42.Muscles can both push and pull on bones.

43.What tissue attaches muscles to bones?

44.Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

45.The biceps and triceps are an antagonistic pair.

46.What happens to the diaphragm when you inhale?

47.Cardiac muscle works voluntarily.

48.Which muscle contracts to straighten the arm?

49.Which muscle contracts to bend the leg?

50.Muscles are only involved in movement, not in functions like breathing or digestion.

51.Fill in the blank.