Reactions of alkenes and alcohols

9.Which of the following statements about alkenes are correct? (select all that apply)

10.Which of the following are products of the complete combustion of an alcohol? (select all that apply)

11.Match each alcohol to its correct molecular formula.

12.Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol. What type of reaction takes place between butene and steam?

13.Here are five statements about the reactions of alkenes. Select the two statements that are correct. (select all that apply)

14.Both alkenes and alkanes undergo combustion reactions. What type of reaction is combustion?

15.Alkenes can be formed from the cracking of long chained hydrocarbons. What type of reaction is cracking?

16.A sample of each of three hydrocarbons, X, Y and Z, was shaken with orange bromine water. X and Y both turned the mixture colourless, while Z left the mixture orange. Which statement about the structures of X, Y and Z is correct?

17.Match each reaction of an alkene to the product it forms.

18.Which of the following are conditions used to produce ethanol industrially by the hydration of ethene? (select all that apply)

19.During fermentation, yeast uses glucose to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

20.In the fermentation of a sugar solution using yeast, which condition is required?

21.A student heats a mixture of ethanol and water to 78 °C during fractional distillation. Why is this temperature chosen?

22.Place the stages of producing and purifying ethanol by fermentation into the correct order, starting with the first step.

23.Which of the following statements about the reactions of alcohols are correct? (select all that apply)

24.When ethanol is heated with acidified potassium dichromate solution, what colour change is seen?

25.Ethanoic acid is the carboxylic acid formed when ethanol is oxidised.

26.Which of the following is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

27.Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. What type of compound is formed?

28.Which of the following statements about carboxylic acids are correct? (select all that apply)

29.Carboxylic acids dissolve in water to form weakly acidic solutions with pH values between 3 and 7. Why are they weak acids?

30.Which alcohol released the most energy per gram of alcohol burned?

31.Place the four alcohols in order of increasing energy released per gram, starting with the lowest.

32.A student burns equal masses of four alcohols and records the temperature rise of 100 cm³ of water each time. The results are: ethanol 28 °C, propanol 32 °C, butanol 35 °C, pentanol 37 °C. Which alcohol is the best fuel per gram?

33.A sample of an unknown hydrocarbon is shaken with orange bromine water. The mixture turns colourless. Which statements are correct? (select all that apply)

34.A student heats ethanol with acidified potassium dichromate solution. The mixture changes from orange to green. The student wants to obtain ethanoic acid from the reaction mixture. Which method is most suitable?

35.During the fermentation of a sugar solution, oxygen must be excluded because fermentation is an anaerobic process.

36.Ethene is hydrated industrially to make ethanol. The reaction chamber contains unreacted ethene, ethanol and water. The mixture is passed into a condenser. Which substance leaves the condenser as a gas?

37.A student adds a few drops of universal indicator to separate solutions of ethanoic acid and hydrochloric acid of the same concentration. Which statements explain the difference in pH observed? (select all that apply)

38.A student adds a piece of sodium metal to a test tube of ethanol. Which observation is correct?

39.In the core practical investigating the heat of combustion of alcohols, 100 cm³ of water is placed in a copper can. Why is a copper can used rather than a glass beaker?

40.A student burns methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol in turn, using each alcohol to raise the temperature of 100 cm³ of water by 25 °C. Which change to the method would most improve the reliability of the comparison of the four alcohols?

41.Complete the sentences about the bromine water test.

42.Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of ethanol, C2H5OH. (relative atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)

43.Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol: C4H8 + H2O → C4H9OH. Calculate the maximum mass of butanol, in kg, that can be produced when 1.4 kg of butene reacts with excess steam. (relative molecular mass of butene, C4H8 = 56; relative molecular mass of butanol, C4H9OH = 74)

44.A student burns propan-1-ol in a spirit burner to heat 100 g of water. The temperature of the water rises by 20 °C. Using Q = m × c × ΔT with c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹, calculate the energy transferred to the water in joules.

45.Complete the word equation for the complete combustion of an alcohol.

46.Butene undergoes complete combustion: C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O. How many oxygen molecules, O2, are needed to completely burn one molecule of butene?

47.In a calorimetry experiment, 100 g of water is heated by burning an alcohol. The temperature of the water rises by 25 °C. Calculate the energy transferred to the water in joules. Use Q = m × c × ΔT, where c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

48.A spirit burner containing ethanol loses 0.56 g of mass while heating 100 cm³ of water and raising its temperature by 40 °C. Calculate the energy released per gram of ethanol burned. Use Q = m × c × ΔT with c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹, and give your answer in kJ/g to 1 decimal place.

49.Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH. (relative atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)

50.A fermentation reaction produces 2.3 g of ethanol. Calculate the number of moles of ethanol produced. (Mr of ethanol = 46) Give your answer to 3 decimal places.

51.Ethene reacts with steam to form ethanol: C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH. Calculate the maximum mass of ethanol, in kg, that can be produced from 2.8 kg of ethene reacting with excess steam. (relative molecular masses: C2H4 = 28, C2H5OH = 46)

52.A sample of ethanol is burned completely: C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O. If 0.5 mol of ethanol is burned, what mass of carbon dioxide is produced? (Mr of CO2 = 44) Give your answer in grams.

53.Describe the test to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene, and state the result for each.

54.Describe how you would use bromine water to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene, and give the result for each.

55.Explain why fermentation stops once the alcohol concentration reaches about 15%.

56.Explain why alkenes are described as unsaturated hydrocarbons and why they are more reactive than alkanes.

57.A student suggests that ethanol made by fermentation is chemically different from ethanol made by the hydration of ethene. Explain whether the student is correct.

58.Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of ethanol, C2H5OH. (relative atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)

59.Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol: C4H8 + H2O → C4H9OH. Calculate the maximum mass of butanol, in kg, that can be produced when 1.4 kg of butene reacts with excess steam. (relative molecular mass of butene, C4H8 = 56; relative molecular mass of butanol, C4H9OH = 74)

60.A student burns propan-1-ol in a spirit burner to heat 100 g of water. The temperature of the water rises by 20 °C. Using Q = m × c × ΔT with c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹, calculate the energy transferred to the water in joules.

61.Butene undergoes complete combustion: C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O. How many oxygen molecules, O2, are needed to completely burn one molecule of butene?

62.In a calorimetry experiment, 100 g of water is heated by burning an alcohol. The temperature of the water rises by 25 °C. Calculate the energy transferred to the water in joules. Use Q = m × c × ΔT, where c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

63.A spirit burner containing ethanol loses 0.56 g of mass while heating 100 cm³ of water and raising its temperature by 40 °C. Calculate the energy released per gram of ethanol burned. Use Q = m × c × ΔT with c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹, and give your answer in kJ/g to 1 decimal place.

64.Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH. (relative atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)

65.A fermentation reaction produces 2.3 g of ethanol. Calculate the number of moles of ethanol produced. (Mr of ethanol = 46) Give your answer to 3 decimal places.

66.Ethene reacts with steam to form ethanol: C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH. Calculate the maximum mass of ethanol, in kg, that can be produced from 2.8 kg of ethene reacting with excess steam. (relative molecular masses: C2H4 = 28, C2H5OH = 46)

67.A sample of ethanol is burned completely: C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O. If 0.5 mol of ethanol is burned, what mass of carbon dioxide is produced? (Mr of CO2 = 44) Give your answer in grams.