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Introduction to magnetism

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Magnetism as a Non-Contact Force

  • Magnetism is a non-contact force – it acts between objects that are not touching.
  • A contact force requires objects to be physically touching (e.g., friction).
  • Non-contact forces are caused by a field; for magnetism, it is a magnetic field.

Magnetic Field Lines

  • Magnetic field lines point away from the North pole and towards the South pole.
  • The direction of a field line gives the direction of force on the North pole of another magnet.
  • Field lines are closer together where the field is stronger (near the poles).
  • Like poles repel; unlike poles attract.

Visualising Magnetic Fields

  • Sprinkle iron filings on paper placed over a bar magnet to see the field pattern.
  • Iron filings align along the field lines and cluster at the poles (strongest field).

Magnetic Metals

  • The three magnetic metals are iron, nickel, and cobalt.
  • Steel is magnetic because it contains iron.
  • Magnetic metals are attracted to permanent magnets but never repelled.

Permanent Magnets

  • A permanent magnet (e.g., bar magnet) produces its own magnetic field.
  • A permanent magnet can be demagnetised by: heating, hitting with a hammer, or placing in a reversed magnetic field.

Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet: lines point from N to S, closer together near poles.

Magnetic field of a bar magnetNSfield lines point N → S

Slide

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Câu hỏi luyện tập

Xem trước miễn phí — 8 trên 57 câu hỏi. Đăng ký để xem tất cả.
  1. 1.Which of the following is a non-contact force?

    Easy
    • AMagnetism
    • BFriction
    • CAir resistance
    • DTension
  2. 2.Magnetic field lines point away from the north pole and towards which pole?

    Easy
    • ASouth pole
    • BNorth pole
    • CEast pole
    • DWest pole
  3. 3.Which of the following metals is magnetic?

    Easy
    • AIron
    • BCopper
    • CAluminium
    • DGold
  4. 4.Two like poles of magnets will:

    Easy
    • ARepel each other
    • BAttract each other
    • CHave no effect
    • DCancel each other
  5. 5.Which of the following statements about magnetic field lines is true?

    Medium
    • AThey are closer together where the field is stronger.
    • BThey are closer together where the field is weaker.
    • CThey point from south to north outside the magnet.
    • DThey never form closed loops.
  6. 6.A bar magnet is placed under a sheet of paper and iron filings are sprinkled on top. Where will the iron filings concentrate most?

    Easy
    • AAt the poles
    • BAt the centre
    • CEvenly spread
    • DAway from the magnet
  7. 7.Which of the following can demagnetise a permanent magnet?

    Medium
    • AHeating it
    • BCooling it
    • CPlacing it in a weak magnetic field
    • DPainting it
  8. 8.Which of the following is true about magnetic metals?

    Easy
    • AThey are always attracted to a magnet.
    • BThey are always repelled by a magnet.
    • CThey can be either attracted or repelled.
    • DThey are never affected by magnets.

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