What is a computer network?
A group of communicating computers and peripherals, known as hosts, that exchange data using communication protocols and networking hardware.
What is a host in a computer network?
A host is a computer or peripheral device that communicates with other hosts on a network.
What are network addresses used for?
Network addresses identify hosts on a network, allowing networking hardware to locate and communicate with them.
What is a hostname?
A hostname is a memorable label for a host node, which can be mapped to a network address using a hosts file or a name server like DNS.
What physical media can support network communication?
Wired media like copper cables and optical fibers, and wireless radio-frequency media.
What is network topology?
The arrangement of hosts and hardware within a network architecture.
What was the first computer network and when was it created?
In 1940, George Stibitz connected a terminal at Dartmouth to his Complex Number Calculator at Bell Labs, creating the first remote use of a computing machine.
What is a LAN?
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area, such as a home, school, or office.
What is a WAN?
A Wide Area Network (WAN) spans a large geographical area, often connecting multiple LANs. The internet is the largest example of a WAN.
What is the internet?
The internet is a global network of networks that connects millions of computers worldwide, enabling communication and access to services like the World Wide Web.
What is a router?
A router is a network device that forwards data packets between different networks, directing traffic on the internet.
What is a switch?
A switch is a network device that connects devices within a LAN, forwarding data only to the intended device.
What is a server?
A server is a computer that provides services or resources to other computers (clients) on a network, such as storing files or hosting websites.
What are wired connections?
Wired connections use physical cables, such as Ethernet cables, to transmit data between devices.
What are wireless connections?
Wireless connections use radio waves to transmit data without physical cables, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
Why do we network computers?
To share resources (like printers and files), communicate (email, messaging), and access the internet and other services.
What is packet switching?
A method of data transmission where data is broken into packets, sent independently over a network, and reassembled at the destination. It was invented independently by Paul Baran and Donald Davies in the 1960s.
What was the ARPANET?
The ARPANET was an early packet-switched network, the precursor to the internet, first connecting four nodes in 1969.
What is Ethernet?
Ethernet is a local area networking technology invented by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs at Xerox PARC in 1973.
What is DNS (Domain Name System)?
DNS is a system that translates human-friendly hostnames (like www.example.com) into network addresses (IP addresses) so that computers can locate each other.
What is a modem?
A modem modulates and demodulates signals to transmit digital data over analog lines, such as telephone lines. The Bell 101 was the first commercial modem in 1958.
What is the role of communication protocols?
Communication protocols are rules that define how data is transmitted and received over a network, ensuring devices can understand each other.
What is the end-to-end principle?
The principle that the network should be simple and reliable, while the hosts (endpoints) are responsible for ensuring reliable data delivery. It was a key idea in CYCLADES and the internet.